Nailing-machine



(N0 Model.) 11 Sheets-Sheet 1.

B. WILDER. NAILING MAUHINE. No. 376,619. Patented Jan. l'7, 1888.

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NAILINGMAGHIYNE,

No. 376,619. Patented Jan. 17, 1888.

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NAILING MACHINE. No. 376,619. Patented Jan. 17,1888.

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E WILDER NAILING MACHINE.

No. 376,619. Patented Jan. 17, 1888.

|NVENTEI (No Model;) 11Sheets-Sheet 9.

E. W'ILDER.

. NAILING} MACHINE.

No. 376,619. Patented Jan. 17, 1888.

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E. W-ILDER. NAILING MACHINE.

.No.v376,619-. Patented Jan. 17, 1888.

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(N0 ModeL) 1;- Sheets-Sheet 11.

' .E. WILDER.

NAILING MACHINE. l

No. 376,619. Patented Jan. 17, 1888.

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UNITE TATES ELIHU WILDER, OF NEWTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO THE PLUME & ATVVOOD MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF VVATERBURY, CONNECTICUT.

NAlLlNG-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 376.619, dated January 1'7, 1888.

Application filed August 1, 1887. Serial No. 245,802. (No model.) I

To aZZ whom, it may concern.-

'Be it known that I, ELIHU WILDER, of Newton, in thecounty of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Nailing-Machines, of

which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to machines for making nails from a continuous wire and driving the same into pieces of material to be united,

to as the parts of the bottom of a boot or shoe or superposed layers of leather or other material for belting.

The invention has for its object, first, to provide an improved means for making the nails, whereby each nail is provided with a head and a clinching-point, and, secondly, to provide improved means for automatically varying the length of the nails to suit the thickness of the work and for adjusting the work-supporting 2o horn to suit the requirements of the work.

To these ends the invention consists in the several improvements which I will now proceed to describe and claim.

Of the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, Figure 1 is a side elevation of the head of my boot or shoe nailing machine and mechanism connected therewith. Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the base and column 0 of the machine and mechanism showing the connection of the rods to the treadles and horn. Figs. 4 and 4: are side elevations of a portion of the horn-lowering mechanism. Fig. 5 is a plan view of the same, parts partlyin section. 5 Fig. 6 is a plan view, partly in section, ofthe wire-feed mechanism. Fig. 7 is a front elevation of the same. Fig. 8 is a side elevation of the shoe-feed mechanism, a portion of the frame of the machine being shown in section. Fig. 9 is an underneath plan of the same. Fig. 9 is a diagram of shoe-feed motion. Fig. 10 is a sectional elevation of a portion of the horn-shaft and mechanism connected therewith. Fig. 11 is a section on line 11 11, Fig. 10. Fig. 12 is a side elevation of the upper and lower cutting-dies. Fig. 13 is a plan of the upper cutters. Fig. 14. is an underneath plan of the lower cutters. Fig. 15 is a crosssection on the line 15 15, Fig. 12. Fig. 16 is a side elevation of a portion of the wire as it is cut. Fig. 17 represents a front and side elevation of the nail enlarged. Fig. 18 is a detail elevation of the cam and lever for lowering the horn. Fig. 19 is a modification ofa portionofthehoru-loweringmechanism. Figs. 5 20 and 21 represent end and side elevations of the machine without a work-supporting horn and adapted to be used for tacking on the outer soles of boots and shoes.

The main shaft a isrotated by means of the 3 pulley b, which is connected to or disconnected from the shaft by means of a friction-clutch,

the said clutch being operated in an old and wellknown manner by means of the wedge 0, rod d, and treadle e. The clutch is thrown out by a spring, except when the treadle is pushed down by the operator. The driverf is fastened to the driver-bar g by a nut and bolt, h, said driver-bar being lifted by the cam i, which lifts the driver-bar g by means of a 70, block bolted to the bar, and holds the said bar ,up against the tension of the springj until it clears the line 70, when the driver-bar is driven down by the action of the springj, all being done in an old and well-known manner.

In the machine of my invention I have provided a means for automatically lowering the horn a certain distance away from the lower surface of the sole of the boot or shoe or piece being operated upon.

In Figs. 3, 10, 11, and 18 it will be seen that the horn-shaft Z has a bearing, Z, in the column m. On said shaft Z, Iprovide a screwthread of a very steep pitch, a corresponding screw-thread being tapped in the gear or pin ion Z and about half-way through the same. The lower half of the pinion Z is tapped for a screw-thread of opposite pitch, the upper half of the pinion having a right-hand thread and the lower half a left-hand thread. The c lower half of the pinion Z is screwed upon a stud, Z", said stud being secured to the column by a nut, Z*, which draws the stud against a shoulder. A spiral spring, Z encircles thestud or shaft Z, one end of said spring being fastened to the pinion Z and the other to a worm-gear, Z, which is loose on the stud Z and is rotated by the worm Z and handle Z thus increasing or diminishing the tension on the spring Z. The tension ofthe I00 spring is so arranged as to turn the gear I in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fi 10. This rotation of the gear causes it to raise the shaft Z and the horn connected therewith by means of the screw-threads on the shaft l and stud Z and in the gear Z". The pinion 1 meshes with a rack, Z, which slides in a casting, Z screwed to the inside of the col umn m.

The rack Z is connected by a link, Z, to a lever, Z, pivoted at l to a boss on the column at, The lever Z has a boss, Z", on its lower side, in which a rod, Z, fits loosely, the other end being fastened to a treadle, 1 On the outer end of the lever Z is a flange, Z, as seen in Figs. 4 and 5. Said flange is gripped by the dogs 7171, which are pivoted in studs a n, which have bearings in the end of a lever, of. To the same studs, nn, are fastened two arms or dogs, a n. The dogs a n are held against the flange Z by the spiral tension-springs a at The lever n is pivoted on the stud Z and is fastened to a rod, it, by a nut and stud, of, said stud passing through a slot, a in the lever if. The upper end of the rod or is attached to a lover, a, pivoted at n" to the frame of the machine. The upper end of the lever n is provided with a fr1ction-roll,n, and bears against a cam, a on the main shaft a. The frictionroll a is held against the cam n by a spring, a", one end of which bears against the boss on the column and the other against a collar on the rod a A casting, a, is adapted to be adjusted up and down in a projection, a, on the column at. Said casting a is provided with two camshaped surfaces, at a, which when the lever 01'' is raised to a certain height throws out the dogs a, allowing the lever Z to drop and the horn to beraised and grip the leather ofthc boot or shoe being nailed.

It will thus be seen that the action of the hornreleasing mechanism as awhole is as follows: \Vhen it is desired to lower the horn in order to place a boot or shoe thereon, the operator presses his foot 011 the treadle l, thus raising the rod Z and lover Z" and carrying the rack l to the right, Fig. 10, giving the pinion a partial rotation in the same direction, and thus lowering the born by means of the screw-threads in the horn-shaft Z and stud l.

The automatic release of the horn to a certain distance from the lower surface of the sole of the shoe is secured as follows: The action of the spring Z is such as to keep the horn up against the sole of the shoe, pressing it firmly against the throat o. Supposing the shoe to be thus gripped and the nail driven, the horn is then released or carried a certain distance, as follows: The cam n throws out the lever a as seen in Fig. 18, thus raising the rod of and lever a, gripping and lifting the flange l by means of the dogs a 12, thus raising the lever Z and pulling back the rack 1 overcoming the spring Z by the rotation of the pinion l and lowering the horn-shaft the required distance, said shaft being prevented from rotating by the spline Z.

After the horn is released, as above described, the boot is fed for the required distance by a mechanism to be hereinafter described, when, by a slight throw in the cam 11)", the lever n is raised still higher, bringing the dogs a n in contact with the cam-surfaces n n and throwing out the dogs a n, releasing the flange Z and lever Z, and thus allowing the horn to be raised by the spring 1" until the boot is again gripped by the born. The lever a is now lowered a certain distance by the release on the cam n", as shown in Fig. 4, the dogs n a gripping the flange 2 at a point equally distant from the cam-shaped surfaces n a. It will thus be seen that although the thickness of the leather may vary and the position of the flange 1" be changed so that the dogs a n will grip the said flange at different points, yet the distance that the flange Z is raised by the lever a before it is disconnected by the knocking out of the dogs a a is always the same, and hence it willbe seen that the horn always lowers the same distance from the lower or inner surface of the shoe-sole.

If it is required to release the horn more or less, it can be done by raising or lowering the stop a.

In the machine of my invention I provide mechanism for automatically measuring the nail according to the thickness of the stock to be fastened.

In Figs. 2, 3, 6, and 7 it will be seen that the wire is fed from a reel through a slot cut in the frame to the cutters. An arm, 0, is fastened to the horn-shaft Z and moves up and down with it, according to the varying thickness of the stock. The arm 0 is connected to a lever, 0, by the rod 0. Said lever 0 is pivoted to the frame at 0", and has a stop, 0, secured to the end. The wire 0 is fed between a grooved feed-roll, o", and a sliding block, 0". The feed-roll 0 is pivoted on a sliding piece, 0 said piece being held against the wire 0 by the spring 0". The block 0 is lowered by the lever 0", which has a forked end,through which projects a pin, 0, fastened to the sliding block 0. The lever 0 is fastened to a shaft, 0", which has a bearing in a boss on the frame and pinned at the other end to a lever, 0, said lever 0 being provided at its outer end with a friction-roll, 0' said roll being held against a cam-path, 0 by the spring 0". The spring 0 is held at one end by the frame, the other end being fastened to the lever 0 I provide a lever, 0", pivoted at o to the frame, one end of lever 0" being cam-shaped and the other end having bolted to it a friction-rolho which runs in a cam-groove, 0.

The operation of the wire-feed mechanism as a whole is as follows: The wire is fed down by the sliding block 0 and levers 0 and 0 until the full throw of the cam 0 is reached. The wire is then gripped by the block 0, said block beingpressed against the wire by the cam-shaped end 0 of the lever 0", said lever being thrown down at the proper time by the cam '0. The wire is thus held while being operated upon by the cutters, after which the block is released by the lever o", and is drawn up by the spring 0 until the pin 0 strikes against the stop 0. The block 0 is held back from the wire 0 when being raised by the spring 0 A springpawl, o, bears against the wire 0 and holds it stationary while the block 0 is returning to takea new grip. When the block 0 first starts down to feed the wire, a slight throw in the cam 0 overcomes the spring 0 and presses the block against the wire against the spring tension of the feed-roll 0". The sliding block 0 is always carried to the same point; but the point to which it returns will be governed by the position of the stop 0, said stop varying in position up or down according to the position of the horn, as previously described, and hence it will be seen that as the horn is changed the amount of feed given the wire will change automatically, giving a long nail for thick stock and ashort one for thin stock- The boot or shoe to be operated upon is fed a certain distance by the following mechanism: A bevel-gear, r, on the main shaft meshes with a bevel-gear, 1", on the vertical shaft 0". Said shaft has a bearing in the frame of the ma chine, as shownin Figs. Sand 9. To the lower end of the shaft 1' is fastened a cam, r On the under side of the cam r is an eccentric-pin, r which passes through a sliding block, r,

:said block working in a slot, 1', in the feed;

lever r said lever being held up by the screw and washer r drical form at the right end, Figs. 8 and 9,

and passes through a block, 9, provided with a shank, T, which has a bearing in the frame of the machine. A shoulder, r secured to the feed-lever W, is. pressed by a spring, 1, against the cam r.

It will be seen that by means of the abovedescribed mechanism a path of the shape indicated by the diagram Fig. 9 will be described by the point of the lever w thus feeding the shoe in a straight line, a b, the motion forward and back being obtained by the cam r, theside motion being given by the eccentric W.

In shaping the nail and cutting the same from the continuous reel of wire I use two sets of cutters or cutting-dies. The upper set of cutters, composed of the fixed cutter s and the reciprocating cutter 8 form the point on the nail, the reciprocating cutter being operated by the cam s and lever s. The lower set is composed of the fixed cutter 8 and reciprocating cutter s, the latter being operated by the cam s and lever 8 said levers being pivoted to the frame at s and s. The wire 0 is fed to the upper set of cutters, which point the nail through a hole cut in the feedguide plate s". The movable cutter s is bev- The feed-lever r is of cylineled on the end on the line 8 8 as seen in Fig. 12, so as to give a shearing cut. The end of the cutter s is also beveled from the center of the wire to the outside, as shown in line 8 8 Fig. 15. through a hole in the fixed upper cutter, s",

and is held by it when the point is being cut by the movable cutter s The fixed lower cutter, 8 has a shallow vertical recess in one side, which receives a part of the periphery of the wire, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 15. The reciprocating cutter s has a lip or flange, s, at its upper edge, having an orifice through, which the entire wire passes, and below said lip the cutter s has a vertical cavity in its inner side,which receives the greater part of the periphery of the wire. It will be seen, therefore, that when the cutter s moves forward its upper edge will shear off and sever the wire in the orifice in the lip 8", and at the same time said cutter will carry forward the severed nail and cooperate with the fixed cutter s in shearing off that portion of the nail that projects into the fixed cutter, the portion thus sheared off being below the lip s ,.so that the full diameter of the wire is left at the head of the nail, and the latter is formed with a fiat side below said head, as shown in Figs. 16 and 17. The lower cutters, s and s,operate, as above described, just after the upper cutters have formed the point of the nail, the cutter s carrying the nail forward to the throat 0, through which itis driven into the work.

After each nail is formed and driven, the cutters return to their starting positions and the operation is repeated.

In Fig. 19 I have illustrated a modification of a portion of the horn-lowering mechanism. A cord or wire is attached at one end, 12 to the column at, passing thence around a pulley A portion of the wire passes on the end of the lever Z" to the collar p",

really a nut, the rotation of which causes the endwise movement of the horn-supporting shaft Z. Said nut may be used without the lower stud, I, if desired, in which case the nut should be journaled so that it cannot move vertically. I prefer to use the reverselythreaded stud Z however, engaged, asndescribed, with the nut, becauseI obtain thereby a more rapid movement of the horn than would be possible by a single screw and nut.

In Figs. 20 and 21 I have shownthe machine without the horn audits operating mechanism and provided with a lever, 0*", adapted to be moved by the operator to vary thelength of the feed movement of the wire and the length of the nails, the machine thus shown being adapted for tacking on the outer soles of boots and shoes.

The 11ailformcd by the means described and claimed in this application forms the subject of a separate application filed concurrently herewith.

I claim 1. In a nailing-machine, the combination of driving mechanism, the wire-feeding mechanism, the cutters 8 8 formed to make an oblique side, 2, on the wire, and the cutters s" 8 formed to sever the wire at one end of said oblique side and shear off one side of the nail from its reduced end nearly to its head, the latter retaining the full diameter of the wire, as set forth.

2. Ina nailing-machine, the combination of driving mechanism, wire-feeding mechanism, a fixed wire-guide, s, the fixed cutters s and 8, the reciprocating cutters s and s mechanism for reciprocating said cutters independently, whereby,first,t-he cutter s is caused to cooperate with the cutter 8* in pointing the wire, and, secondly, the cutter s is caused to cooperate with the cutter s in severing the wire and shearing off a part of one side of the severed nail, a driver, andafixed throat under the same, to which each nail is presented by the forward movement of the cutter s", as set forth.

3. In a nailing or tacking machine, the com bination, with nail forming and driving mechanism substantially such as herein described, of a laterally-movable feed-block, a roll between which and the block the nail-wire passes, mechanism, substantially as described, for reciprocating said block, means, substantially as described, for pressing the block toward the roll during its downward movement, and means, substantially as described, for separating the block and roll during the upward movement of the block, as set forth.

4. In a nailing ortacking machine, the combination, with nail forming and driving mechanism substantially such as herein described, of a laterally-movable feed-block, a roll between which and the block the nail-wire passes, mechanism, substantially as described, for reciprocating said block, means, substantially as described, for pressing the block toward the roll during its downward movement, and means, substantially as described, for giving the block an additional pressure at the end of its downward movement, and thereby rigidly holding the wire while the nailforming cutters are acting, as set forth.

5. The combination of the vertically-mova blehorn, mechanism,substantially asdeseribcd, for controlling the height of the same accord ing to the thick ness ofthe material to be nailed, naitforming mechanism, a driver, a reciprocating wire-feed, and a stop which is moved vertically with the horn and determines the initial or starting point of the feed and the length thereof, as set forth.

(5. In a nailing-machine, the combination of the vertically-movable horn, the screw-threaded standard supporting the same, a nut, Z, en-

gaged with said threaded standard, and means, substantially as described, for rotating said nut, and thereby raising or lowering the horn, as set forth.

7. In a nailing-machine, the combination of the vertically-movable'horn, the screw-threaded standard supporting the same, the stud Z", having a thread of opposite pitch, the journaled nut tapped to engage both the standard and stud,and means,substantially as described, for rotating said nut, as set forth.

8. In a nailing-machine, the combination of the vertically-movable horn, the screw-threaded standard, the nut engaged with said standard, aspring, as Z whereby the nut is normally turned to elevate the horn, and automatic means, substantially as described, for rotating said nut in the opposite directiomand thereby depressing the horn, as set forth.

9. In a nailing-machine, the combination of the vertically-movable horn, the screw-threaded standard, the nut engaged with said'standard, a spring, as 1", whereby the nut is normally turned to elevate the horn, automatic means, substantially as described, whereby the nut is rotated in the direction required to depress the horn, and devices, substantially as described, controlled by the operator, whereby the nut may be independently rotated in the direction last mentioned to additionally or independently depress the horn, as set forth.

10. In a nailing-machine, the combination of the vertically-movable horn, the screwthreaded standard, the nut engaged with said standard, a spring whereby the nut is normally turned to elevate the horn, automatic means, substantially as described, for rotating the nut in the opposite direction, and automatic means, substantially as described, for releasing the nut and permitting the spring to rotate it, as set forth.

11. The combination ,of the horn and the threaded standard, the spring-impelled nut engaged with said standard, the lever Z", connected with said nut by means substantially as described, and provided with the flange Z, the lever n", having the dogs adapted to grip said flange, means, substantially as described, for automatically moving said levers while they are locked together to depress the horn, and means, substantially as described, for antomatically disengaging the lever Whom the lever Z, as set forth.

, 12. The combination of the lever Z", having the flange Z, the lever it", having the dogs a a and arms a" a", and the adjustable piece a, formed to displace the arms a and dogs a, as set forth.

13. The combination of the screw-threaded horn-supportin g standard, the spring-impelled not engaged, as described, with said standard and adapted to normally raise the same, and means, substantially as described, for regulating the tension of the nut-impelling spring, as set forth.

' 14. The combination of the horn, the thread- In testimony whereof I have signed myname ed standard supporting the horn, the hat for to this specification, in the presence of two subraising and lowering said standard, and the scribing witnesses, this 16th day of July, 1887. [O

treadle Z? and intermediate devices, substan- ELIHU WILDER. 5 tially as described, whereby the operator is Witnesses:

enabled to rotate the nut independently by ARTHUR W. ORossLEY,

foot-power, as set forth. H. M. BATCHELDER. 

